At https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/4000-year-old-wall-found-around-oasis-in-saudi-arabia-likely-defended-against-raids-from-nomads … a nine mile long wall has been found at the Khaybar Oasis – dating back to around 4000 years ago. It was about 16 feet high and up to 8 feet thick, and encircled the oasis. It is more strictly dated to between 2250 and 1950BC. Thjis coincides with a period of low monsoon activity leading to famine in Egypt and across the Levant and Middle East. The research is published in January’s issue of the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports [2024].
Why was the wall built? The researchers suggest the most likely reason was for defensive purposes, defending the oasis from hostile groups. It may even have been in defence against flash floods, it is also suggested. However, if a group of people had taken over the oasis, as a result of drought and famine in the wider world, they may have desired to exclude other groups. It is worth noting the period 2500-2000BC witnessed widespread migrations in many parts of the world. One such group may have decided to settle the oasis in order to have access to water and fertile soil in what was a hostile environment for both farmers and herdsmen. The research itself is ongoing so we will have further details in the coming season.