Things are getting exciting out in space. More so as astronomers are being fed lots of new information as a result of ever better space telescopes. At https://phys.org/news/2024-12-cosmic-rays-vast-energy-magnetic.html … for example, which basically tells us high energy cosmic rays have been observed near the event horizons of black holes and neutron stars. They have far more energy than cosmic rays emitted by our sun. Vastly more. They are even a potential hazard to satellites circling the earth – simply by reason of their strength being far greater than that of solar storms. This woulld not be surprising if there was such a thing as a galactic scale flare – emitting from black holes located at the heart of galaxies. The author of the research goes on to say, ‘it is interesting that these two extremely different environments share something in common … ‘. See https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad955f … and https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad955f … and see also https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/12/241210142040.htm … source of vast energy in cosmic rays.
On a different tack, at https://phys.org/news/2024-12-ia-supernova.html … do we really know what becomes of type 1a supernovae? Most supernova are in faraway galaxies, too distant for us to see what is actually happening. However, astronomers categorise supernovae by their observed characteristics. These include light curves, how they brighten, quickly or slowly, and fade. Also, the types of elements detected in their spectra. There are many things astronomers do not know about supernova – in spite of their confident reports which give the impression they do. These invariably suggest, to Joe Public in the main, that they do understand what is going on. For more details see https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.01766 … One might even wonder if there is more in common with supernova and black hole outbursts than currently meet the eye.