At https://www.livescience.com/space/astronomy/james-webb-telescope-watches-ancient-supernova-replay-3-times-and-confirms-something-is-seriously-wrong-in-our-understanding-of-the-universe … the James Webb Space Telescope zoomed in on a distant supernova. They spotted distinct points of light that come from a single type 1A supernova – which seemed unusual. Supernovas are thought to form when material falls into a dead star – or a dying star’s embers. These are otherwise known as white dwarfs. The input of material leads to a massive thermo nuclear explosion. That is the theory. Supernovas are also thought to happen at the same scale of brightness – which astronomers are then able to use to measure distances and calculate the Hubble Constant. This is basic stuff, bound up with Big Bang. By studying the time delays between the dots and plugging them, alongside the supernova’s distance, into various models of gravitational lensing, the researchers produced a Hubble constant value at 75.4 km per second – which contradicts the standard model. Hmmm. One to think about a bit more. The electric universe theory has a completely different take on this, and one worth looking at. See also https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1034 …
At https://phys.org/news/2024-10-black-holes-early-universe-thought.html … supermassive black holes, or beams of plasma, have been around since the early universe, we now know. The Hubble Space Telescope has shown there were more black holes in the early universe than previously allowed in the standard model. Many of them are also more massive than expected. In fact, there are several times as many of them than previously thought possible. So – how do black holes form?