At https://phys.org/news/2025-04-galactic-superwinds-galaxies-leak-ionizing.html … strong X-ray emitting super winds may enable ionising radiation to leak. The research is centred on trying to understand how the early universe became ionised in the first place. Modeling, and ‘may be’ and ‘we think’ figure prominently. However, they need to take a look at the next piece of research.
At https://phys.org/news/2025-04-einstein-field-theory.html … Einstein’s dream of a unified field theory has been accomplished, we are told, but is this a push too far. Einstein’s aim was to explain electromagnetism as a geometric property of four dimensional space time. Einstein was keen to unify gravity and electromagnetism – and many other ideas have followed on from his research. The likes of Schrodinger, for example. Using non-linear Maxwell equations the new team of researchers place electric charge, electric currents, and other electromagnetic forces, as purely geometrical and immanent properties of space time itself and not as some external objects. This approach was supported by the late physicist John Wheeler in his vision of geometrodynamics. It turns out, they say, that the four dimensional electromagnetic potential is really a building block of the metric tensor of space time.
In the classic theory of electromagnetism Maxwell’s equations governing electric and magnetic fields are linear partial differential equations. In our approach, optimal metrics are required to be harmonic, which gives nonlinear field equations for the electromagnetic potentials and Maxwell’s equations as a special linear case. The field equations then give the correct dynamics for the electromagnetic field.
When Einstein formulated his theory of gravity he used mathematics known as pseudo-Riemannian differential geometry. They found this was not sufficiently general and a more differential geometry was needed. They used Weyl geometry – invented in 1918. They discovered that electric charge is related to the local divergence or compression of space time. It is in line with the principles of Relativity theory. Charge is therefore a field with its own laws of motion.
They conclude that light and all electromagnetic radiation are really oscillations of space time. See https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2987/1/012001 …